Did you know that a common infection can turn into a dangerous condition if the body overreacts? This is called sepsis. Instead of fighting germs, the immune system damages the body's own tissues. If not treated promptly, sepsis can lead to organ failure and even be life-threatening.
Sepsis is often triggered by a bacterial infection and can lead to organ failure and even become life-threatening. Therefore, recognizing the symptoms and causes early is crucial for prompt treatment.
Sepsis: When the Immune System Actually Harms the Body
Sepsis is a serious complication that occurs when the body overreacts to an infection. Normally, the immune system releases chemicals to fight disease-causing germs. However, in sepsis, this response goes out of control, causing tissue damage.
This condition can cause a drastic drop in blood pressure, disrupt oxygen flow to organs, and even lead to vital organ failure. Even a previously healthy person can develop sepsis if the infection progresses without proper treatment.
Who is More Vulnerable to Sepsis?
Sepsis can affect anyone who experiences an infection, but there are certain groups who are more vulnerable.
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- Pregnancy & Childbirth : Pregnant women, those who have just given birth, or those who have had a miscarriage are at risk of infection.
- Chronic Diseases : Diabetes, cancer, kidney, liver, or lung disease increase the risk.
- Weak Immune System : People with HIV, chemotherapy patients, or post-transplant patients are more susceptible to infection.
- Medical Procedures : The use of catheters, ventilators, long-term infusions, or care in the ICU can be a gateway for bacteria.
- Serious Injuries : Burns, major injuries, or post-surgery open up the possibility of infection.
- Lifestyle : Excessive alcohol & drugs weaken the immune system,
Factors Causing Sepsis
Sepsis begins with an uncontrolled infection. Normally, the immune system fights germs and keeps the infection confined to one area of the body. However, if the infection is too severe or the immune system is weakened, the germs can spread throughout the body.
This condition triggers widespread inflammation, tissue damage, and even life-threatening blood flow disorders.
Types of infections that can cause sepsis:
- Bacterial infections are the most common causes, for example pneumonia (lungs), urinary tract infections, wound infections, appendicitis, or after surgery.
- Viral infections , for example influenza and COVID-19.
- Fungal infections are more common in people with weakened immune systems, such as cancer or HIV patients.
- Parasitic infections are less common, but can occur, for example in malaria.
Sepsis Symptoms to Watch Out For
Sepsis can develop rapidly and be dangerous. Some common symptoms include:
- High fever or chills: A sign of a serious infection in the body.
- Rapid and shortness of breath: The body is trying to get more oxygen.
- Increased heart rate: The body's response to infection.
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating: Due to decreased blood flow to the brain.
- Low blood pressure: Can cause septic shock.
- Pale, cold, or clammy skin: A sign of abnormal blood circulation.
- Severe pain or extreme discomfort: Often described by patients as the “worst pain ever.”
Effective Ways to Prevent Sepsis
- Maintain cleanliness
Make it a habit to wash your hands with soap, keep the environment clean, and avoid contact with sources of infection. - Clean the Wound
Immediately wash the wound with running water and antiseptic, then cover it with a clean bandage to prevent bacteria from entering. - Perform Routine Checkups
Check your health regularly so that infections can be detected sooner before they develop into sepsis.
Don't wait until it gets worse, see a doctor immediately!
Sepsis is a medical emergency that should not be ignored. If you or someone close to you exhibits symptoms such as a high fever with chills, a much faster than normal heart rate, labored breathing, or confusion or loss of consciousness, seek medical attention immediately.
Prompt action is crucial because sepsis can progress to septic shock, which is fatal. Don't wait for symptoms to worsen; early examination and appropriate treatment from medical personnel can improve the chances of recovery and prevent serious complications.
The article was written by Dr. Jimsfield Farly Mangulu, Sp.PD (Internist Specialist at EMC Sentul Hospital).