Many people focus more on high blood sugar, but low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia, also poses serious health risks. This condition can appear suddenly, disrupt daily activities, and even potentially lead to a medical emergency.
Understanding what hypoglycemia is, its causes, and its symptoms is crucial so that this condition can be prevented and treated appropriately before it becomes more serious.
Hypoglycemia: When the Body Lacks Energy
Glucose is the body's primary energy source, especially for the brain, muscles, and nervous system. Every activity we perform, from walking to thinking to breathing, requires an adequate supply of glucose in the blood.
When blood sugar levels drop below normal limits, the body lacks the energy to function optimally. This is called hypoglycemia. When this occurs, the body will display various symptoms as warning signs.
The brain is the organ most affected by hypoglycemia because it relies heavily on glucose as its primary energy source. Lack of glucose in the brain can cause impaired concentration, emotional changes, and even loss of consciousness if not treated promptly.
Commonly Missed Causes of Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia isn't unique to people with diabetes. Several factors often go unnoticed, including:
1. High Insulin Levels
Excessively high insulin levels can cause a drastic drop in blood sugar. This condition can occur due to inappropriate use of diabetes medication or impaired insulin regulation in the body.
2. Metabolic and Hormonal Disorders
Problems with hormones that regulate metabolism, such as thyroid hormone, cortisol, or growth hormone, can disrupt blood sugar balance and trigger hypoglycemia.
3. The Effects of Alcohol and Certain Substances
Alcohol consumption, especially in excessive amounts and without adequate food intake, can inhibit glucose production by the liver, thereby increasing the risk of low blood sugar.
4. There is a problem with the pancreas
The pancreas plays a vital role in regulating insulin production. Pancreatic disorders, including certain tumors, can cause excess insulin release, which can lower blood sugar levels.
Hypoglycemia Symptoms You Need to Know
Symptoms of hypoglycemia can appear gradually or suddenly. Recognizing the signs is crucial for prompt treatment. Some common symptoms include:
- Easily feel hungry: The body signals a lack of energy due to low blood sugar levels.
- Feeling weak or powerless: Muscles are not getting enough glucose to function optimally.
- Cold sweats: The body's response to a drop in blood sugar that triggers activation of the nervous system.
- Shaking hands or body: Occurs due to the release of stress hormones to increase blood sugar levels.
- Dizziness or lightheadedness: The brain lacks glucose so that energy flow is disrupted.
- Heart beats faster: The body tries to compensate for hypoglycemia by increasing the heart rate.
- Difficulty focusing or decreased concentration: Brain function is impaired due to insufficient energy supply.
- Easily agitated, anxious, or experiencing emotional changes: Hypoglycemia affects the brain's function in regulating emotions.
- Vision feels blurry: The nerves and brain do not get enough energy to process visuals properly.
- In severe cases, it can cause fainting or loss of consciousness: The brain is unable to function normally due to a significant lack of glucose.
How to Prevent Hypoglycemia Early
Hypoglycemia can be prevented by maintaining a balanced energy intake and understanding the body's daily needs. The following simple steps can help reduce the risk of low blood sugar:
1. The Importance of a Regular and Balanced Diet
A regular and balanced diet helps keep blood sugar levels stable throughout the day.
2. Don't Skip Meal Times
Skipping meals can cause a sudden drop in blood sugar, especially in people who are active or have certain medical conditions.
3. Regulate Carbohydrate and Protein Portions
The right combination of carbohydrates and protein helps provide energy while slowing the decline in blood sugar.
4. Limit Alcohol Consumption
Alcohol can inhibit glucose production by the liver, thereby increasing the risk of hypoglycemia, especially if consumed without food.
5. Recognize Your Body Condition Before Doing Strenuous Activities
Understanding your body's condition before engaging in strenuous physical activity helps prevent a drop in blood sugar due to increased energy needs.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Hypoglycemia is not a trivial condition and should not be ignored, especially if it recurs frequently or occurs without an obvious cause. Recognizing hypoglycemia triggers early can help prevent serious risks, such as injury from fainting or impaired brain function.
Medical care is crucial for determining the underlying cause of hypoglycemia and developing long-term preventative measures tailored to your specific condition. If you frequently experience symptoms of low blood sugar, consult a doctor immediately for appropriate and safe treatment.
This article was written by Dr. Patriotika Ismail, Sp.PD (Internal Medicine Specialist at EMC Cikarang Hospital).