Lower abdominal pain is often considered normal, especially during menstruation. However, pain in this area isn't always related to the menstrual cycle. It can have other causes, ranging from digestive disorders to serious conditions like ovarian cysts or endometriosis.
To avoid neglecting the problem, it's important for women to recognize the various possible causes. This way, you can know when home treatment is sufficient and when it's necessary to see a doctor immediately. Check out the full explanation here!
Why Do Women Experience Lower Abdominal Pain?
Lower abdominal pain is quite common for many women, especially during menstruation. However, if the pain is more severe or doesn't improve, there may be an underlying condition.
Some possible causes include endometriosis, which is the growth of uterine tissue outside its proper location, or an enlarged or even ruptured ovarian cyst. Furthermore, pain can also be related to other organs in the lower left abdominal area, such as the colon.
This complaint can range from mild to sharp pain that interferes with daily activities. Therefore, it's important to see a doctor immediately to determine the exact cause and receive appropriate treatment.
Exploring the Causes of Lower Abdominal Pain in Women
1. Menstrual cramps
Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) is a common cause of lower left abdominal pain in women. The pain can radiate to the back and pelvis.
These symptoms typically appear 1–2 days before menstruation begins and subside after the cycle ends. Increased levels of the hormone prostaglandin can cause uterine muscle contractions. These contractions reduce oxygen flow to the uterus, leading to abdominal cramps.
2. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a long-term digestive disorder that often causes pain or cramping in the abdomen, including the lower left side. This complaint is usually accompanied by bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.
Symptoms can appear after consuming certain foods, such as fatty or spicy foods, or when experiencing stress.
3. Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterine wall (endometrium) grows outside the uterus, usually on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic tissue. In rare cases, this tissue can appear outside the pelvic area.
This condition often causes chronic pain in the lower abdomen or back, especially during menstruation, and can even radiate to the hips or legs. In addition to pain, sufferers can also experience excessive bleeding, bloating, digestive problems, fatigue, and even fertility issues.
Symptoms That May Appear When You Have Lower Abdominal Pain
Some signs to watch out for when experiencing lower abdominal pain in women include:
- My stomach feels like it's cramping badly.
- Pain that occurs when defecating or urinating
- Pain during intercourse.
- Menstrual blood flow is heavier than usual.
- As well as the presence of blood spots after menstruation accompanied by pain that does not subside.
How to Reduce Lower Abdominal Pain
Experiencing lower abdominal pain can certainly disrupt daily activities. While often harmless, there are several simple steps you can take to help relieve this symptom:
- Warm Compress
Apply a warm compress or water bottle to the painful area. The warmth can improve blood flow, relax muscles, and help reduce pain from cramps or tension. - Adequate Fluid Intake
Drinking enough water every day, around 8 glasses, can prevent dehydration and aid digestion. This is also beneficial for pain related to constipation or urinary tract infections. - Rest in a comfortable position
Giving your body time to rest is crucial. Try lying on your side with your knees bent toward your chest, or use a pillow under your knees to relieve pressure on your abdomen. - Pay Attention to Your Diet
To prevent worsening pain, avoid fatty, spicy, or heavy foods. Choose light, easily digestible foods, such as fruits, vegetables, or porridge, to help ease the digestive process. - Use Pain Reliever Medication If Necessary
If the pain is bothersome enough, pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can be taken as directed. However, be sure not to overuse them, and if in doubt, consult a doctor.
Professional Treatment for Left Abdominal Pain Complaints
Although often considered trivial, lower left abdominal pain in women can be a sign of a serious condition. The following symptoms should be monitored and should be checked by a doctor:
- Pain gets worse or doesn't go away within 24–48 hours, especially if accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or fever.
- Pain spreads to other parts of the body, such as the back or waist.
- Pain occurs when urinating and defecating which does not improve.
- During menstruation, the pain becomes so severe that it hinders activities.
If you or someone close to you experiences any of these conditions, don't hesitate to see a doctor. Prompt medical attention can help prevent complications and ensure proper treatment.
This article was written by Dr. Riyani Marlisa Limoa, Sp.OG (Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist at EMC Grha Kedoya Hospital).