Bone cancer complications can arise when cancer cells continue to spread and damage surrounding tissue. Over time, this condition can cause bones to become brittle, increasing the risk of fractures from even minor impacts.
In addition, bone cancer can also trigger severe pain, impaired mobility, and spread to other organs such as the lungs. If not treated properly, these complications can have a serious impact on the quality of life of the sufferer.
Causes of Bone Cancer
The exact cause of bone cancer is not yet clearly known, but several factors that can increase the risk include:
- Genetic Disorders: Certain gene mutations, such as in Li-Fraumeni syndrome or hereditary retinoblastoma, can increase the risk of bone cancer.
- History of Bone Disease: Conditions such as Paget's disease can cause abnormal bone cell growth and risk of developing cancer.
- High Radiation Exposure: High doses of radiation therapy, especially to the bone area, can increase the chance of cell mutations that lead to cancer.
- Age Factor: Osteosarcoma occurs more frequently in adolescents who experience accelerated bone growth.
- Family History: Although rare, having a family member with a history of bone cancer may increase the risk.
7 Complications of Bone Cancer That Can Occur
Bone cancer not only attacks the bone itself, but can also cause various complications that affect overall health. Here are seven complications that can occur due to bone cancer:
1. Broken Bones (Pathological Fractures)
Bones affected by cancer become weaker and more susceptible to breaking, even with minor impacts or for no apparent reason.
2. Chronic Pain
The growth of cancer cells can press on nerves around the bone, causing pain that gets worse over time.
3. Mobility Disorders
Damage to bone structure can make it difficult for sufferers to move, thus affecting daily activities.
4. Hypercalcemia
The release of calcium from damaged bones into the blood can cause hypercalcemia, which can potentially cause symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, and impaired kidney function.
5. Bone Infection (Osteomyelitis)
Weakened bones are more susceptible to infection, especially after medical procedures such as surgery or biopsies.
6. Metastasis to Other Organs
Bone cancer can spread to other organs, such as the lungs or brain, which worsens the prognosis and complicates medical treatment.
7. Blood Cell Production Disorders
If cancer attacks the bone marrow, the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets can be disrupted, leading to anemia, recurrent infections, or blood clotting disorders.
Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to reduce the risk of these complications and improve the quality of life of bone cancer patients.
Prevent Bone Cancer Complications Early
Prevention of bone cancer complications can be done with early detection, proper treatment, and supportive care. Undergoing recommended therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery, can help control the spread of cancer and maintain bone strength. In addition, regular monitoring by a doctor can help detect complications early so they can be treated immediately before they worsen.
When to See a Doctor?
It is best to see a doctor immediately if you experience suspicious symptoms, such as persistent and worsening bone pain, swelling or lumps around the bone, and difficulty moving for no apparent reason. If you have been diagnosed with bone cancer, regular visits to the doctor are essential to monitor the progress of the disease and prevent complications.
Article written by dr. Rudi Hadinata, M.Ked, Sp.OT (K) Hip & Knee (Orthopedic & Traumatology Specialist, Hip & Knee Consultant, EMC Grha Kedoya & Cibitung Hospital).