In our daily activities, we often use our elbows, whether for simple tasks like opening doors, sweeping, typing, or cutting, or activities involving repetitive arm movements like playing tennis, badminton, swimming, or golf. If these movements are done too often or excessively, they can cause elbow injuries, pain when straightening the elbow, and even Tennis Elbow Syndrome . Let's see the explanation below!
What Is Tennis Elbow Syndrome?
Tennis Elbow Syndrome , also known medically as lateral epicondylitis, is a condition characterized by pain and inflammation due to damage to the muscles and tendons around the elbow. The elbow joint itself is formed by the humerus, the ulna, and a part that allows for rotational movement.
When the muscles and connective tissue (tendons) in the elbow area are subjected to continuous excessive pressure, the outer surface of the elbow can become inflamed and even risk tearing. In some cases, the elbow hurts when straightened, especially when lifting or grasping light objects.
Activities That Can Trigger Tennis Elbow Syndrome
Tennis elbow occurs due to repetitive overuse of the forearm muscles, particularly the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). This muscle plays a crucial role in lifting and rotating the wrist.
When this muscle is continuously stressed without sufficient time to recover, the tendons that attach to the outside of the elbow can develop small tears. If left untreated for a long time, these tears can trigger inflammation, causing pain when straightening the elbow and weakening of the surrounding area.
Some activities that can trigger tennis elbow syndrome include:
- Some sports that use rackets include squash, tennis, or badminton.
- Golf and swimming.
- Volleyball and basketball.
- Household or work activities such as hammering nails, turning keys, using a screwdriver repeatedly, and the like.
- Everyday activities, skills and arts such as typing or working long hours on a computer, cutting, painting or sculpting.
These activities, if done continuously without a break, can cause micro-stress on the ECRB muscle and trigger tennis elbow injuries .
Symptoms Experienced by Tennis Elbow Syndrome Sufferers
Someone experiencing Tennis Elbow Syndrome typically experiences pain on the outside of the elbow that radiates down the forearm and even to the wrist. The pain usually occurs when the arm is used, but it can also persist even when inactive. Common symptoms include:
- Pain on the outside of the elbow.
- Feeling pain that spreads down the forearm to the wrist.
- The elbow hurts when straightened, bent, or when lifting the arm.
- The wrists become weak making it difficult to grip or lift light objects.
- Tingling or numb sensation in the fingers
- Elbows feel stiff, especially when waking up
Treatment Options for Tennis Elbow Syndrome
Tennis elbow syndrome can improve with rest and pain relievers as recommended by a doctor. However, if symptoms persist, further medical treatment may be necessary. Remember, avoid massaging the affected area without medical supervision, as this can worsen the condition.
Here are some treatment methods to consider:
- Steroid injections to relieve pain and inflammation
- Other injections such as Botox, PRP, or prolotherapy
- TENEX procedure , which is a technique for removing damaged tendon tissue using ultrasonic waves.
- Physiotherapy to restore muscle strength and flexibility
- Ultrasound or shockwave therapy is used to speed up the recovery process with the help of sound waves.
- If there is no improvement after 6–12 months, surgery may be considered. Possible procedures include arthroscopy and open surgery.
Tennis Elbow Syndrome is a condition that can significantly disrupt daily activities if not promptly and appropriately treated. While most cases improve with rest and simple treatments, it's important to remain vigilant if symptoms persist or worsen.
Appropriate and tailored treatment can help speed recovery and prevent further damage to muscles and joints. For optimal results, consult your doctor to determine the appropriate treatment plan for your individual condition.
Article written by Dr. Merie Octavia, Sp.KFR (Specialist in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at EMC Alam Sutera Hospital).