Varicoceles are often associated with adult men, especially those experiencing fertility problems. However, this condition can also occur in adolescents, particularly during puberty. Varicoceles in adolescents often don't cause significant symptoms in the early stages, so they often go unnoticed.
Although it may seem mild, untreated varicoceles can impact testicular development and reproductive health later in life. Therefore, it's important for parents and adolescents to understand this condition early on.
What is a Varicocele?
A varicocele is a condition characterized by dilated veins in the scrotum, the sac that protects the testicles. Simply put, a varicocele can be likened to varicose veins in the legs, but appearing in the testicle area.
During puberty, a teenager's body undergoes various changes, including changes in the hormonal system and the growth of reproductive organs. Rapid testicular growth requires optimal blood flow. If blood flow through the veins is disrupted, blood can pool and cause dilation of the veins in the scrotum.
This condition is closely related to the function of the veins, which are supposed to carry blood back to the heart. When blood flow is disrupted, pressure in the veins increases, triggering the development of varicoceles.
Causes of Varicocele in Adolescents
Several factors are known to increase the risk of varicocele in adolescents, including:
- Venous Valve Disorders
Veins have valves that prevent blood from flowing backward. If these valves don't function properly, blood can back up and accumulate in the scrotum, causing a varicocele.
- Rapid Growth in Adolescence
Adolescence is characterized by rapid body growth, including in the reproductive organs. This growth can increase blood flow and pressure in the testicular area, potentially triggering blood vessel dilation.
- Increased Pressure in the Abdominal Area
Activities that increase pressure in the abdomen, such as lifting heavy objects or frequent straining, can restrict venous blood flow from the scrotum. This pressure can worsen varicoceles.
- Family History
Genetic factors also play a role. Teenagers with a family history of varicoceles or other blood vessel disorders are at higher risk of developing the condition.
Varicocele Symptoms in Teenagers
In many cases, varicoceles in adolescents don't cause any obvious symptoms. However, the following signs may appear and should be monitored:
- A feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the scrotal area
- Mild to moderate pain, especially after prolonged standing or physical activity
- The blood vessels in the scrotum appear prominent or tortuous.
- One testicle appears smaller than the other
- Swelling in the testicular area
- Complaints usually decrease when lying down.
If these symptoms appear, you should immediately have a medical examination to ensure that the testicles remain healthy.
Proper Treatment of Varicocele in Adolescents
Treatment for varicoceles in adolescents depends on the severity and symptoms. Some common steps include:
- Routine observation and monitoring
If the varicocele does not cause pain or discomfort, the doctor may recommend observation without any special action, while still monitoring the condition regularly. - Regular check-ups by a doctor
Regular check-ups are necessary to monitor the size of the testicles and ensure there is no shrinkage or developmental disorders. - Reduce heavy activity
Teenagers are advised to avoid activities that increase pressure on the abdominal area, such as lifting heavy objects, as this can worsen varicoceles. - Use of scrotal support
A scrotal support can help support the testicles and reduce feelings of heaviness or discomfort, especially during activity. - Administration of pain medication
Pain relievers can be given if necessary, but must be in accordance with the recommendations and supervision of a doctor. - Lifestyle improvements
Maintaining an ideal body weight, adequate fluid intake, and avoiding excessive straining can help prevent worsening of the condition. - Surgery (varicocelectomy)
Surgery may be considered if pain persists, testicular shrinkage occurs, or there is a risk of future fertility problems.
With proper treatment and regular monitoring, varicocele in adolescents can be well controlled and the risk of long-term complications can be minimized.
When Should Teenagers See a Doctor?
Varicoceles in adolescents can occur unnoticed and are often discovered incidentally during a medical examination. However, early detection is crucial to prevent long-term complications, particularly those related to testicular growth and reproductive function.
Medical consultation is recommended if a teenager experiences pain, changes in testicular size, or swelling in the scrotum. A medical examination will ensure appropriate treatment and ensure the teenager's reproductive health continues into adulthood.
Article written by Dr. Davis Jouwena, Sp.U (Urology Surgeon Specialist at EMC Grha Kedoya Hospital).