Have you ever heard the term allergic rhinitis? This condition may not be commonly discussed, but its symptoms are similar to other illnesses like the flu, making it more often mistaken for the common cold.
Make no mistake, allergic rhinitis is not a cold, although its symptoms can be similar. This article will help you understand the symptoms, causes, and treatment of allergic rhinitis.
What is Allergic Rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, occurs when the immune system overreacts to substances that are actually harmless. This condition is characterized by inflammation in the nasal area caused by various allergens.
These allergens trigger an over-response from the immune system, which then causes inflammation in the nose.
Causes of Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is caused by an abnormality in the body's immune system in response to allergens. In individuals without allergies, exposure to dust or pollen generally doesn't trigger a response. However, in people with allergic rhinitis, the body mistakes allergens for threats and triggers a reaction.
Factors such as a family history of allergies, other allergies, and regular exposure to cigarette smoke can increase the risk of developing allergic rhinitis. The following allergens are known to trigger allergic rhinitis:
- Fungal spores
- Dust
- Pollen
- Latex
- Animal skin and fur
- Sawdust
- Mite
Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis
Symptoms of allergic rhinitis can vary from person to person, depending on the severity and the type of allergen causing the reaction. Symptoms include nasal symptoms:
- Itchy nose
- Sneeze
- runny nose
- Clogged
Plus symptoms in other organs such as:
- Itchy and watery eyes
- Swelling of the eyes and dark lids
- Itching in the mouth and throat area
- Headache
- Weak
How to Prevent and Treat Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis is a preventable condition. To reduce your risk of developing allergic rhinitis, try the following tips:
- Remove all carpets, dolls and piles of books in the room or house.
- Wear a mask when leaving the house.
- After arriving home, immediately take a shower and clean your body.
- Regularly bathe your pets.
- If necessary, use air filters on home ventilation.
If you already have allergic rhinitis, there are several ways to treat this condition, namely:
1. Nasal Irrigation
You can do nasal irrigation to help relieve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis while cleaning the inside of your nose.
The way to do nasal irrigation is by spraying 2×30 ml of 0.9% NaCl infusion fluid into the right and left nasal cavities using a special tool (such as a neti pot or syringe without a needle), then letting it out through the other nostril.
2. Medicines
Treatment for allergic rhinitis generally involves administering medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, corticosteroid nasal sprays, leukotriene inhibitors, and eye drops as needed. These medications should only be used as directed by a doctor.
Consult a doctor
Although it has symptoms similar to the common cold, allergic rhinitis shouldn't be taken lightly. This condition can cause several complications that can disrupt your quality of life, such as fatigue and sleep deprivation, sinusitis, otitis media, and even worsening asthma.
If you experience the symptoms of allergic rhinitis mentioned above, consult a doctor immediately. Not only will you receive appropriate and prompt treatment, but you can also minimize the risk of complications caused by allergic rhinitis.
Article written by Dr. Josuadi Siregar, Sp.THT-BKL (Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist, EMC Pulomas Hospital).