Open wounds can happen suddenly when you fall on the road, get cut by a knife while cooking, or even as a result of a work accident. When the skin is torn and the underlying tissue is exposed, many people immediately panic, and are confused about what to do.
In fact, early treatment of open wounds is very crucial. The right first step can prevent infection, reduce the risk of complications, and speed up the healing process. Here is a short but important guide on how to treat open wounds in an emergency.
1. Maintain cleanliness before touching the wound
Before providing first aid, make sure your hands are clean. Wash them with soap and running water, or use hand sanitizer if water is not available. If you have medical gloves, wear them to prevent bacteria from moving into the wound.
2. Stop Bleeding with Pressure
Use a clean cloth, sterile gauze, or thick tissue to apply direct pressure to the wound. Do not remove the cloth too often to check, just apply steady pressure. If blood is seeping through, stack a new cloth on top without removing the old one.
3. Clean the wound with clean water
Once the bleeding is under control, clean the wound with running water. Avoid using alcohol, red medicine, or strong antiseptic fluids, as they can damage tissue and slow healing. If possible, use a saline solution (sterile salt water).
4. Cover the Wound Properly
The wound should be covered with sterile gauze or a clean bandage. This is to protect it from exposure to dust and bacteria. If the wound looks deep, does not close, or contains a foreign object, seek medical help immediately. Do not try to remove the object yourself if it is stuck in deep tissue.
5. Be Aware of Signs of Infection
A few days after the wound occurs, it is important to monitor whether the wound shows signs of infection. Signs include widespread redness, swelling, increasing pain, pus, or fever. If this happens, see a health facility immediately.
When to See a Doctor?
Not all wounds can be treated at home. Some conditions that cause open wounds require immediate medical attention. A wound that does not stop bleeding even after pressure for more than ten minutes should be treated immediately by a medical professional. Deep, long, or open wounds may require stitches to speed healing and prevent infection.
In addition, wounds caused by dirty sharp objects, rusty metal, or high-risk animal bites can carry dangerous bacteria. If there is a foreign object, such as a piece of glass or wood, embedded in the wound and difficult to remove, or if it has been more than five to ten years since the last tetanus vaccination. Prompt medical attention can prevent more serious complications and ensure that the wound heals properly.
Article written by dr. Hendry Susanto, Sp.B, FISCP (General Surgery Specialist Doctor, EMC Pulomas & Pekayon Hospital).