Fungal skin infections are a common and frequent health problem, especially in tropical climates like Indonesia. Warm temperatures and high humidity create favorable conditions for fungal growth.
This condition often causes problems such as itching, redness, and discomfort that can disrupt daily life. If a fungal skin infection is left untreated for a long time, it can spread and become difficult to cure.
What Is a Fungal Skin Infection and Why Does It Occur?
Fungal skin infections are infections of the surface layer of the skin caused by fungal growth. Warm, humid environments with poor air circulation are the main factors that support fungal growth on the skin.
Types of Fungi That Cause Infections
Based on the type of fungus, fungal skin infections are generally caused by two main groups:
- Dermatophytes
Dermatophytes are fungi that attack the keratinized tissue of the skin, nails, and hair. These fungi utilize keratin as a nutrient source, so infections are often characterized by scaly, thickened, or peeling skin.
- Non-dermatophyte
Non-dermatophyte fungi are fungi that attack the outermost layer of skin, or this type of fungal infection does not reach the keratinized tissue. Non-dermatophyte infections often appear in moist, covered areas of the skin, such as skin folds, and can cause redness, burning, and a moist feeling.
Risk Factors for Fungal Skin Infections
Some risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing fungal skin infections include:
- Excessive sweating causes the skin to become damp and experience hyperhidrosis.
- Poor skin hygiene, such as open wounds, not cleaning the body after activities, direct contact with infected animals, and sharing personal items.
- Decreased or weak immune system , such as those suffering from HIV/AIDS, diabetes, cancer, or those undergoing chemotherapy.
Common Symptoms of Fungal Skin Infections
Symptoms of fungal skin infections can vary depending on the type of fungus, but some common signs that are often felt include:
- Itching that persists or gets worse
- Red, scaly, or peeling skin
- Ring-shaped rash or uneven patches
- Skin feels damp, sore, or smells, especially in the folds
If not treated promptly, these symptoms can spread to other areas of the skin.
5 Types of Fungal Skin Infections You Need to Know
Fungal skin infections can manifest in various forms, with varying symptoms, depending on the type of fungus and the area of the body infected. Here are some of the most common types of fungal skin infections:
1. Ringworm (Tinea Corporis)
Ringworm is characterized by a circular, ring-shaped rash with a redder, scaly border. The center of the rash is usually lighter.
2. Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis)
This infection often occurs between the toes and is characterized by itching, cracked skin, and sometimes an unpleasant odor.
3. Jock Itch (Tinea Cruris)
Tinea cruris causes itching in the groin and groin area. The rash is usually reddish and scaly.
4. Panu (Pityriasis Versicolor)
Tinea versicolor (tinea versicolor) is characterized by the appearance of white, brownish, or reddish patches on the back, chest, upper arms, neck, and abdomen. This infection doesn't always cause itching, but it can be unsightly.
5. Skin Candidiasis
Cutaneous candidiasis often occurs in skin folds such as the armpits, under the breasts, or in the abdominal area. Symptoms include redness, moisture, and a burning sensation.
How to Treat Fungal Skin Infections According to Type
Treatment for fungal skin infections typically involves applying antifungal medications directly to the infected skin. For certain fungal infections, or if the infection persists, your doctor will recommend oral antifungal medications.
Treatment duration can vary, depending on the type and severity of the infection. It's crucial to complete treatment according to medical instructions, even if symptoms improve, to prevent the fungus from returning. During treatment, it's recommended to avoid scratching the infected skin and to keep it clean and dry.
How to Prevent Relapse
To prevent fungal skin infections from recurring, several steps can be taken, including:
- Keep skin clean and dry.
- Avoid sharing personal items.
- Change clothes after sweating.
- Signs of infection do not improve and require medical examination.
If the fungal skin infection does not improve or spreads despite self-treatment, consult a doctor immediately.
When to See a Doctor?
Fungal skin infections are a common health problem and, in many cases, can be treated with appropriate medication. If symptoms such as itching, a widespread rash, changes in skin color or texture, or burning or pain persist for several weeks, consult a doctor immediately.
By consulting a doctor, you can receive appropriate treatment, from selecting the appropriate antifungal medication to proper skin care advice. Schedule your appointment with your doctor to receive treatment for fungal skin infections and maintain healthy skin.
This article was written by Dr. Fiedya Wati Kusuma, Sp.DVE (Specialist in Dermatology and Venereology at EMC Hospital, Tangerang).