High uric acid, or hyperuricemia, is a condition in which uric acid levels in the blood exceed normal limits. This substance is naturally formed from the breakdown of purines, compounds found in some foods and also produced by the body.
If levels are too high and the body is unable to excrete them properly, uric acid crystals can build up in the joints, causing the pain, swelling, and inflammation known as gout. Uric acid crystals can also build up in the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney stones.
What are the normal levels of uric acid?
Normal uric acid levels vary, but generally:
- Men: 3.4 – 7.0 mg/dL
- Women: 2.4 – 6.0 mg/dL
If laboratory test results show levels above this limit, you need to take appropriate treatment steps to prevent it from developing into prolonged joint pain.
What Causes High Uric Acid?
Some factors that can increase uric acid levels include:
- Consumption of foods high in purines
- Obesity
- Decreased kidney function
- Excessive consumption of alcohol or sweet drinks
- genetic factors
- Use of certain medications (e.g. diuretics)
Understanding the causes helps determine appropriate preventive measures.
Steps to Take If You Have High Uric Acid
1. Consult a Doctor
The first and most important step is to consult a doctor , especially an internist or clinical pathologist, to assess the results of the examination and the cause of the increase in uric acid.
Your doctor may recommend additional tests such as kidney function or a metabolic profile to determine your overall health.
2. Set a Healthy Eating Pattern
Limit foods high in purines such as:
- Offal (liver, gizzard, intestines)
- Red and processed meat
- Certain seafood (sardines, clams, shrimp)
- Sweet and alcoholic drinks, especially beer
Instead, increase your intake of water , vegetables, low-purine fruit (apples, bananas, watermelon), as well as sources of low-fat protein such as eggs and low-fat milk.
3. Control your weight and exercise regularly.
Being overweight can increase uric acid levels. Regularly engage in light exercise like walking or cycling to help your body's metabolism.
4. Avoid Medications or Supplements That Trigger Gout
Certain medications can increase uric acid levels. Always consult your doctor before using any medication to avoid worsening your condition.
5. Conduct Routine Monitoring
Regular laboratory tests are important to monitor uric acid levels and assess the effectiveness of lifestyle changes or medications given.
When Should You See a Doctor?
High uric acid levels can be controlled with regular checkups, a healthy lifestyle, and medical supervision . See a doctor immediately if you experience sudden, sharp joint pain, swelling and redness, or recurrent pain without an obvious cause.
Examinations are also important if you have a history of kidney stones, if your uric acid levels haven't decreased despite dietary changes, or if you're experiencing pain that interferes with your activities. Early detection helps prevent further joint damage and other serious complications.
With the support of doctors and modern laboratory facilities, uric acid levels can be maintained at normal levels so you can remain active and pain-free.
The article was written by Dr. Johana Prihatini, Sp.PD, FINASIM (Internist Specialist at EMC Pekayon Hospital).