Genital herpes (Herpes Simplex) is one of the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The herpes simplex virus has a unique property, where once someone is infected, the virus will remain in the body for life. This virus can remain dormant in nerve cells, but can reactivate and cause recurrent symptoms, especially when the immune system is reduced due to stress, fatigue, or other illnesses.
Causes and Spread of Genital Herpes
Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), of which there are two types:
- HSV-1 : Usually causes herpes in the mouth area, but can also spread to the genital area through oral-genital contact.
- HSV-2 : More often causes genital herpes and is transmitted through sexual contact.
The herpes virus is spread through direct contact with the skin or body fluids of an infected person. Transmission occurs in two main ways:
- Sexual contact and skin to skin
The virus can be transmitted through sexual intercourse (vaginal, anal, or oral) and direct contact with an infected area, even without visible sores. The use of unhygienic sex toys also carries the risk of spreading the infection.
- Transmission from mother to baby during childbirth
Mothers with active herpes infection at delivery can transmit the virus to their babies, who are at risk of serious complications. Medical consultation is necessary for prevention.
Symptoms of Genital Herpes (Herpes Simplex)
Some people do not experience any obvious symptoms or only experience mild irritation that is often considered a fungal infection or skin allergy. Therefore, many are unaware that they have been infected and can transmit the virus to their partner without realizing it.
General symptoms of genital herpes can vary, but some common signs include:
- Blisters or sores in the genital area: Usually filled with fluid, then burst and become sores that can be painful.
- Itching, tingling, or burning sensation: Occurs before blisters or sores appear.
- Pain when urinating: Occurs if the open wound is around the urethra.
- Swollen lymph nodes: Especially in the groin area as the body's response to infection.
- Flu-like symptoms: Such as fever, headache, and feeling weak, especially when the infection first occurs.
Some people may not experience obvious symptoms or only experience mild irritation, so they can unknowingly transmit the virus to others.
Genital Herpes Prevention Steps
Genital herpes can be prevented by several steps that focus on safe sex practices, maintaining cleanliness, and medical consultation. Using condoms during sex can reduce the risk of herpes transmission, although it does not completely prevent it because the virus can spread through skin contact outside the area covered by the condom. It is best to avoid having sex if your partner is experiencing herpes symptoms or has sores in the genital area.
Maintaining personal hygiene is also very important in preventing the spread of the virus. Avoid touching herpes sores directly and always wash your hands after touching the infected area. In addition, maintaining the immune system with a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management can help reduce the risk of herpes recurrence for those who are already infected.
Contact a Doctor for Further Treatment
If you have a partner who is infected with herpes, consulting a doctor can help determine the right preventive measures, including the use of antiviral drugs to suppress the spread of the virus. For pregnant women who have herpes, medical examination is highly recommended to prevent the risk of transmission to the baby during childbirth.
By understanding the risk factors and how it is transmitted, genital herpes prevention can be more effective. If you experience suspicious symptoms, consult a medical professional immediately for better treatment.
Article written by dr. Ritchie Santoso, Sp.DVE (Specialist Doctor of Dermatology, Venereology, and Aesthetics, EMC Sentul Hospital).