Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, mainly due to excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. This condition occurs when skin cells experience uncontrolled abnormal growth. Although it can affect anyone, the risk of skin cancer is higher in individuals with fair skin, a history of sunburn, or certain genetic factors.
Early detection is an important step to increase the chances of recovery and prevent further complications. By recognizing early symptoms and understanding the right examination methods, skin cancer can be treated more effectively before it develops into a more serious stage.
Recognizing Early Symptoms of Skin Cancer
Skin cancer can come in many forms and symptoms. Some signs to watch out for include:
1. Changes in moles
Moles that change in size, shape, or color can be an early sign of skin cancer. Moles that are asymmetrical or have irregular edges also need to be checked out.
2. The appearance of new lesions
Wounds that don't heal or reddish spots that continue to grow larger can be an indication of cancer cell growth.
3. Small red or pearl colored lumps
Usually found on the face, neck, or hands, these lumps can be painful, bleed easily, or persist.
4. Scaly or hardened skin
Areas of skin that feel rough, flaking, or thickened for no apparent reason can also be an early sign of skin cancer.
If you experience these symptoms, immediately see a dermatologist for further evaluation. The sooner skin cancer is detected, the greater the chance of optimal treatment.
Types of Skin Cancer
There are several main types of skin cancer that have different characteristics, including:
1. Basal Cell Carcinoma
It is the most common type of skin cancer and grows slowly. It usually appears as a small white or pink bump that bleeds easily.
2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This type is more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma. It usually appears as a red, scaly patch or lump that feels hard and bleeds easily.
3. Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer because it can spread to other organs. It usually appears from a mole that changes shape, color, or size.
Skin Cancer Detection Methods
Regular checkups can help detect skin cancer early. There are several common methods used in skin cancer screening, including:
Self-Examination
You can do a self-exam of your skin by looking for suspicious changes. The ABCDE technique can be used to detect signs of skin cancer:
- A (Asymmetry): The shape of the mole is not symmetrical.
- B (Border): The edges of the mole are irregular.
- C (Color): Color varies or is uneven.
- D (Diameter): Size greater than 6 mm.
- E (Evolving): Experiencing changes in shape, color, or size over time.
Doctor's Examination
If a suspicious skin abnormality is found, the doctor may perform a dermatoscopy or skin biopsy for further analysis. Dermatoscopy is performed with a special instrument to magnify the skin, while a biopsy involves taking a tissue sample for laboratory examination.
Skin Cancer Treatment Options
Treatment for skin cancer depends on its type and severity. Some common methods include:
- Operation lift
This method is done by removing the cancerous tissue and the surrounding area to ensure that the cancer cells do not spread further. - Laser therapy or cryotherapy
Laser therapy is used to destroy cancer cells with high-energy beams, while cryotherapy works by freezing cancer tissue using liquid nitrogen. - Radiation therapy
If the cancer has spread further, radiation therapy may be used to kill cancer cells with high-powered X-rays. - Chemotherapy or targeted therapy
In more advanced cases, doctors may recommend chemotherapy or targeted therapy to attack cancer cells systemically.
Skin Cancer Prevention Steps
Preventing skin cancer is easier than treating it. One important step is to use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30 every day, especially when doing outdoor activities. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays can damage skin cells and increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, it is best to avoid direct sunlight exposure between 10:00 and 16:00, when UV intensity is at its peak.
In addition, wear protective clothing, such as wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts, and sunglasses, to protect your skin from the harmful effects of sunlight. Regular skin checks are also highly recommended, either by self-examination or consultation with a specialist doctor. If you find suspicious changes in your skin, immediately have a medical examination so that it can be treated early.
Prevent Skin Cancer with Early Detection and Appropriate Action
Early detection of skin cancer can improve the success of treatment and prevent more serious complications. By recognizing symptoms early, having regular check-ups, and implementing preventive measures, the risk of skin cancer can be reduced. If you find suspicious signs on your skin, immediately see a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Article written by dr. Hadi Firmansyah, Sp. DVE, M.Kes (Specialist Doctor of Dermatology and Venereology, EMC Cikarang Hospital).