Eating is one of the basic needs that is important for children's growth and development. However, it is not uncommon for children to grow up when they become difficult and picky eaters, which becomes a challenge for parents. In some cases, eating disorders in children can be considered picky eating or selective eating, where children choose only certain foods. However, there is also the possibility that this eating disorder condition can become more extreme, namely to the point of experiencing Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID). So what is the difference between the two?
Difference between Picky Eating and ARFID
Picky eating, or selective eating, is a condition where children have strong food preferences and usually choose only a few types of food. Children who experience picky eating tend to refuse to eat new foods or foods with textures, colors or aromas that are unfamiliar to them. They may avoid certain foods, such as vegetables or unpalatable foods, and only eat their familiar favorite foods.
In contrast, ARFID is a more serious eating disorder and can affect a child's health and growth. Children with ARFID have broader limitations in their food choices and often reject a wider range of foods in larger categories. They may have excessive anxiety about food, such as fear of choking or fear of vomiting after eating. This can cause nutritional deficiencies and stunted growth.
Here are some of the main differences between picky eating and ARFID symptoms:
- Limited variety of food
Picky eaters usually have certain food preferences, but can still eat foods from different food groups. They may not like certain vegetables or foods that have strange textures, but generally still have enough food choices. On the other hand, children with ARFID have more significant limitations in their food choices, often eating only a few types of food.
- Impact on health
Picky eating does not usually cause serious health problems in children, although it can be a source of concern for parents. However, ARFID can cause nutritional deficiencies and growth problems due to significant food limitations.
- Anxiety about food
Picky eaters tend to have strong preferences for certain foods, but do not have excessive anxiety about other foods. Children with ARFID tend to experience excessive anxiety regarding food, such as fear of vomiting or choking. This anxiety can be a major barrier in overcoming the eating problems of children with ARFID.
Tips for Overcoming Eating Problems in Children
If you are dealing with eating problems with your child, it is important to understand whether they are experiencing picky eating or ARFID symptoms. Here are some tips that can help in overcoming eating problems in children:
- Create a positive eating environment
Create a pleasant atmosphere while eating. Relax with your family, talk positively about food, and avoid pressure or punishment regarding eating.
- Offer a variety of foods
Provide various types of healthy and varied foods for your child. Don't stop offering new foods even if they are initially rejected. Sometimes it takes several tries before the child accepts a new food.
- Involve children in cooking
Let children be involved in selecting and preparing food. This can increase their interest in the food and make them more motivated to try it.
- Consult a health professional
If you are concerned that your child may have symptoms of ARFID, consult a doctor or pediatric nutritionist immediately. They can carry out an evaluation and provide appropriate guidance according to your child's condition.
It is important to note that every child has a different condition and each eating disorder can have a different cause. It is important for parents to be diligent in providing support and seek professional help if necessary. With the right approach, children with eating problems can develop healthier eating patterns and obtain the nutrients necessary for their growth and development.
Article written by dr. S. Tumpal Andreas C., M.Ked (Ped), Sp.A (Children's Specialist at EMC Pekayon Hospital).