What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)?
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a condition that occurs when the median nerve in the wrist experiences pressure or compression. This nerve plays a crucial role in providing sensation and controlling finger movement, particularly the thumb, index finger, and middle finger.
In the wrist, there's a narrow passageway called the carpal tunnel, formed by the wrist bones and ligaments. Within this passageway are the median nerve and several tendons. When the space within the carpal tunnel narrows due to swelling or thickening, compression of the median nerve tissue can occur, leading to various symptoms.
CTS usually develops slowly, and symptoms are often more noticeable at night. Anyone can experience this condition, but women are at higher risk than men.
Causes and Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
CTS can be caused by a variety of conditions that increase pressure on the median nerve. Some common causes and risk factors include:
- Repetitive hand and wrist movements , especially over long periods, such as typing and cooking.
- Wrist position that is often bent or holds weight for long periods.
- Hormonal factors , especially in women, such as during pregnancy and menopause.
- Pregnancy , due to hormonal changes and fluid buildup in the body, increases pressure in the carpal tunnel.
- Certain diseases , such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, kidney failure, and obesity. Arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, which can cause swelling around the wrist tendons.
- Wrist injuries , such as fractures or dislocations, can alter the structure of the carpal tunnel.
- Smaller carpal tunnel size , which is naturally more common in women.
Symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
CTS symptoms can appear in one or both hands, but in many cases, they eventually affect both hands. Common symptoms include:
- Tingling or numbness in the thumb, index finger, and middle finger or part of the ring finger
- Pain in the wrist that can radiate to the arm
- Weakness in the fingers , especially when gripping or holding objects
- Decreased fine motor skills , such as typing, buttoning clothes, or lifting small objects
- Discomfort that worsens at night
How to Treat Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Treatment for CTS depends on the severity of the symptoms. Generally, treatment is divided into non-surgical and surgical therapies .
1. Non-Surgical (Conservative) Therapy
In mild to moderate cases, CTS can be treated without surgery, including:
- Use of wrist splints
This device keeps the wrist in a neutral position to prevent pressure on the median nerve, especially during sleep. - Pain relievers (NSAIDs)
Used to help reduce pain and inflammation around nerves. - Corticosteroid injection
Aims to reduce swelling and pressure on the median nerve, especially if pain does not improve with oral medication.
2. Surgical Therapy
If non-surgical therapies don't work or there are signs of permanent nerve damage, your doctor may recommend carpal tunnel release surgery.
This procedure aims to reduce pressure on the median nerve by cutting the ligament that is pressing on the nerve.
The operation can be performed by:
- Open surgery , with a larger incision but more optimal ligament release results
- Endoscopic technique , with smaller wounds but has certain risks
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Prevention
Some steps that can be taken to help prevent CTS include:
- Avoid excessively bent wrist positions
- Do wrist stretches regularly
- Do not grip objects too tightly for long periods of time.
- Reduce repetitive hand movements
- Arrange an ergonomic working position
- Take regular breaks when working with your hands.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common condition that can disrupt daily comfort and productivity if left untreated. By recognizing symptoms early and understanding risk factors and treatment options, CTS can be prevented and optimally managed.
If you're experiencing persistent tingling, pain, or weakness in your hands, consult a specialist at EMC Alam Sutera immediately. With experienced medical staff and comprehensive facilities, EMC Alam Sutera is ready to provide an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment tailored to your condition.
Article written by Dr. Margareta Arianni, Sp.OT (K) Hand Surgery (Orthopedic & Traumatology Specialist, Hand Surgery Consultant at EMC Alam Sutera Hospital).