Many people consider varicose veins as just a cosmetic problem because they look like protruding veins on the surface of the skin, especially on the legs. In fact, varicose veins are a disorder of the venous blood vessel system that can cause uncomfortable symptoms, even serious complications if not treated properly.
What Are Varicose Veins?
Varicose veins are a condition of enlarged veins, which usually occur in the legs or calves. This condition occurs when the small valves in the veins do not function properly, so that blood flows backward and accumulates, causing venous hypertension which causes these veins to enlarge and appear prominent.
What are the causes of varicose veins?
Some factors that can trigger varicose veins include:
- Hereditary (genetic) factors
- Pregnancy, due to increased blood volume and pressure on the abdomen
- Overweight (obesity)
- Standing or sitting for too long without movement
- The habit of wearing heels for a long time and continuously.
- Lack of physical activity
- Aging, which causes the venous valves to weaken
Symptoms to Watch Out For
Varicose veins do not always cause pain, but they can cause symptoms such as:
- Feeling of heaviness in the legs
- Cramps or tingling in the afternoon or evening
- Swelling of the ankles
- Dry, itchy, or discolored skin around the varicose veins
- Wounds that are difficult to heal on the ankles (in severe varicose veins)
Are Varicose Veins Dangerous?
If left untreated, varicose veins can develop into:
- Thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the veins due to blood clots)
- Venous ulcers (chronic wounds that are difficult to heal)
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) - a serious condition caused by blood clots in the deep veins
- Pulmonary Embolism (PE) – a serious, potentially fatal complication where a blood clot in a deep vein rises and blocks an artery in the lung.
Therefore, medical treatment is not only for aesthetic reasons, but is important to prevent further complications.
How to detect varicose veins?
1. Recognize the Symptoms and Physical Signs according to Varicose Veins Symptoms
Are there any protruding veins, is there any pain or swelling in the leg area. Are there any changes in skin color, etc.
2. Check Risk Factors
Varicose veins are more likely to occur if you have the following risk factors:
- Family history of varicose veins.
- Standing or sitting for too long without moving.
- Obesity or overweight.
- Pregnancy or hormonal changes (common in women).
- Advanced age, as the venous valves weaken over time.
3. Consultation with a Doctor
If you suspect varicose veins, immediately consult a Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgeon (BTKV):
- Physical exam: Your doctor will evaluate your visible veins and the symptoms you are experiencing.
- Doppler ultrasound: This test uses sound waves to check blood flow and vein valve function, helping to detect varicose veins or other vein problems. It is painless, easy and quick to perform.
What are the ways to treat varicose veins?
Treatment for varicose veins depends on the severity and medical condition of the patient. Some treatment options include:
- Lifestyle changes
Such as regular exercise, losing weight, and avoiding standing for long periods. - Use of compression stockings
To help blood flow back to the heart and reduce pressure in the veins. - Injection therapy (Sclerotherapy) – (specifically for dilation of fine surface veins)
A special fluid is injected into the fine vein to close it permanently. - Laser or radiofrequency therapy
It is a sophisticated, non-incision procedure that uses heat energy from a laser to close damaged blood vessels. - Cyanoacrylate Glue Therapy (varicose vein glue )
The latest procedure of vein occlusion using cyanoacrylate is performed without heat energy and tumescent anesthesia , thus minimizing post-procedure side effects. - Surgical procedures (phlebectomy or vein ligation)
For severe cases of varicose veins or those that are unresponsive to other therapies. Can be combined with laser therapy or “ vein glue ” therapy.
Everyone has their own health journey. If you or someone close to you is starting to feel uncomfortable with tired legs or visible veins, it doesn't hurt to start looking deeper. Sometimes, small steps can make a big difference.
Article written by dr. Quincy Romano Rompas, Sp.BTKV, FIATCVS (Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery Specialist, EMC Pekayon Hospital).