Irregular periods are often dismissed as a trivial issue. Many women assume this condition is simply caused by fatigue, stress, or weight changes. However, if your periods are frequently late, infrequent, or even absent for extended periods, the condition warrants more serious attention. Especially if it's accompanied by difficulty conceiving, PCOS is a potential cause.
PCOS, or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, is a hormonal condition that is quite common in women of childbearing age. While not always immediately noticeable, PCOS can affect menstrual cycles, fertility, and overall health if not identified early.
What is PCOS?
PCOS is a condition characterized by an imbalance of reproductive hormones in a woman's body. This imbalance affects the function of the ovaries, the organs responsible for producing eggs and female hormones.
In PCOS, the process of egg maturation and release is irregular. As a result, ovulation can occur infrequently or not at all. In certain conditions, the ovaries can contain many small follicles that do not develop into mature eggs. This is known as PCOS.
PCOS does not mean the presence of dangerous cysts, but rather a disturbance in the hormonal and ovulation systems.
Why Do Menstruation Become Irregular?
The menstrual cycle is greatly influenced by hormonal balance. When ovulation is irregular, the menstrual cycle is disrupted. In women with PCOS, menstruation can:
- Come less frequently than usual
- Late for months
- Not coming at all within a certain time
This condition occurs because the body does not release eggs regularly, so the hormonal signals for menstruation become unstable.
The Relationship Between PCOS and Difficulty Getting Pregnant
For pregnancy to occur, ovulation must occur properly. A mature egg must be released to be fertilized. In PCOS, infrequent or irregular ovulation reduces the chances of pregnancy.
However, it's important to understand that PCOS doesn't mean you can't get pregnant. Many women with PCOS can still conceive with appropriate treatment and supportive lifestyle changes.
Difficulty conceiving with PCOS is not a permanent condition, but rather a challenge that can be managed with the right approach.
PCOS Signs and Symptoms to Pay Attention to
Every woman can experience PCOS with different symptoms. Some common signs include:
- Irregular menstrual cycles
- Rare or absent menstruation
- Excessive hair growth in certain areas
- Acne-prone skin
- Easy weight gain
These symptoms often appear slowly, so they are not always immediately recognized as a related condition.
What Causes PCOS?
PCOS is closely linked to hormonal imbalance. Furthermore, the body's response to insulin also plays a role. When the body's metabolism isn't functioning optimally, hormonal balance can be disrupted.
Hereditary factors and lifestyle also influence the development of PCOS. Therefore, treatment requires a comprehensive approach rather than focusing on one aspect.
The Impact of PCOS If Left Untreated
PCOS doesn't just affect menstrual cycles and fertility. If left unmanaged, it can have long-term health consequences, such as:
- Ongoing hormonal imbalance
- Metabolic problems
- Decreased quality of life due to physical and emotional complaints
Proper management helps reduce these impacts and maintain overall health.
The Role of Lifestyle in Managing PCOS
Lifestyle plays a crucial role in helping manage PCOS. Maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing stress can help the body achieve better balance.
For some women, lifestyle changes can help improve menstrual cycles and promote ovulation. This approach is gradual and tailored to each individual's circumstances.
PCOS and Pregnancy Program
For women trying to conceive, PCOS is often a factor to consider. Menstrual cycle monitoring, ovulation evaluation, and support from healthcare professionals help determine appropriate steps.
Pregnancy programs for PCOS are not the same for everyone. The approach is tailored to hormonal conditions, body metabolism, and overall physical readiness.
When Should You Consult a Doctor?
If you experience prolonged irregular periods, difficulty conceiving, or any other disturbing changes in your body, you should consult a doctor immediately. If you experience irregular periods, difficulty conceiving, or have symptoms that suggest PCOS, an early examination can help you better understand your condition.
Conclusion
Irregular periods and difficulty conceiving can be signs of PCOS, especially if they occur repeatedly. PCOS is a hormonal condition that can affect ovulation and body balance, but it can be managed with the right approach.
Early understanding, supportive lifestyle changes, and support from healthcare professionals can help women with PCOS live a more balanced life and maintain their chances of conceiving. Please visit EMC Alam Sutera Hospital for information and consultations tailored to your specific health condition.
Article written by Dr. Handojo Tjandra, MD., MMed O&G (M'Sia)., Sp.OG (Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist, EMC Alam Sutera Hospital).