Burns can leave scars that not only affect appearance but also affect bodily function. In some cases, burns require reconstructive surgery to allow the skin, tissue, and affected body areas to heal optimally.
Understanding Reconstruction After Burns
Burn reconstruction is a medical procedure aimed at restoring the form and function of areas of the body damaged by burns. This procedure is performed by a plastic surgeon and can involve repairing the skin, tissue, and other affected body structures. The primary focus is ensuring the patient can return to their normal activities comfortably and minimizing functional impairment, as well as improving appearance.
Benefits of Reconstruction in Burn Wound Recovery
Severe burns can damage the skin and underlying tissue, leaving scarring, contractures (tight skin that reduces movement), or even functional impairment of certain limbs. Some of the key benefits of burn reconstruction include:
1. Restore body functions
Reconstruction helps skin and tissue move normally, reducing mobility limitations caused by contractures or scar tissue.
2. Reduces annoying scars
This procedure helps improve the appearance of scars, making patients more confident and comfortable with their appearance.
3. Prevent further complications
Untreated burns can lead to infection or long-term skin problems. Reconstruction helps strengthen the skin and tissue, reducing the risk of complications.
4. Improve the quality of life
With normal body functions restored and scars minimized, patients can more freely carry out daily activities and feel more confident.
Burn reconstruction is not simply a cosmetic procedure, but a crucial medical step to restore function and quality of life. Each patient has unique needs, so evaluation and treatment planning must be individualized.
The Impact of Not Performing Reconstruction After Burns
If reconstruction is not performed after a burn, the impact extends beyond appearance. Even healed burns on the surface of the skin can leave significant changes in bodily function and quality of life.
1. The skin becomes stiff and pulls on the surrounding tissue.
After a burn heals, the skin usually doesn't return to its original shape. The area can become hard, stiff, and inelastic. As a result, the skin pulls on the surrounding tissue. If the burn occurs in a joint area such as the neck, elbow, knee, or finger, this condition can limit movement. Even simple activities like turning, grasping, or walking can be difficult and uncomfortable.
2. Disorders of organ function around the wound
Burns on the face, hands, feet, or other parts of the body can disrupt vital functions if not repaired.
For example:
- Burns around the mouth can make it difficult to eat and speak.
- Injuries to the eyelids can make it difficult for the eyes to close completely.
- Wounds on the hands can interfere with the ability to hold or perform daily activities.
Without reconstruction, these functions may be impaired in the long term.
3. Prolonged Pain and Discomfort
Untreated burn scars often cause discomfort. The skin may feel sore, tight, or sensitive to touch. In some people, this pain is not just occasional but can persist and interfere with daily activities, even while resting.
4. Risk of Wounds Reopening Easily
Skin after a burn is typically thinner and more fragile. Without reconstruction, the area is more susceptible to re-injury, whether from minor friction or pressure. If the wound is reopened, the healing process can be repeated and there is a risk of infection, which will only prolong the problem.
5. Permanent Changes in Body Shape
Extensive or deep burns can permanently distort the body's appearance if left untreated. The skin's surface may appear uneven, thickened, or pulled in one direction. These changes aren't always immediately dangerous, but they can affect a person's self-confidence and comfort in activities and social interactions.
6. Psychological and Emotional Impact
Many people experience feelings of inferiority, anxiety, or social withdrawal due to changes in their bodies after burns. If scars cause significant limitations in movement or significant changes in appearance, the emotional burden can be even more pronounced. In the long term, this can impact overall quality of life.
7. Reconstruction Isn't Just About Appearances
It is important to understand that reconstruction after burns is not only to improve appearance, but also to:
- Helps restore motor function
- Reduce discomfort
- Prevent further problems later on
- Support daily activities to return to being more optimal
Each burn has unique characteristics, so reconstruction needs vary from person to person. Failure to perform reconstruction after a burn can result in a variety of impacts, including limited mobility, impaired function, prolonged pain, and a reduced quality of life. Appropriate and comprehensive treatment can help prevent long-term problems and promote a more effective recovery.
This article was written by Dr. Andi Azwadi Rais, Sp.BPRE (Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Specialist at EMC Alam Sutera Hospital).