Worm infestation in children often goes unnoticed because the symptoms appear mild and resemble common digestive problems. However, this infection is caused by parasitic worms that can enter the body through soil, food, or dirty hands. If left untreated, worm infestation can interfere with nutrient absorption and impact a child's growth and development.
Therefore, it is important for parents to recognize the signs of worms early so that this condition can be treated immediately before it causes more serious problems.
Why Can Children Get Infected with Worms?
Children can become infected with worms through seemingly simple everyday habits, but they can actually provide a pathway for parasites to enter the body. Transmission generally occurs through soil, food, or contact with an infected person. Here are some common causes to watch out for:
- Not maintaining hand hygiene before eating
Worm eggs can stick to hands after playing or handling dirty objects. If children eat without washing their hands with soap, these eggs can be swallowed and hatch in the intestines. - Often plays on the ground barefoot
Certain types of worms, such as hookworms, can even penetrate the skin through the soles of the feet. Children who play in the dirt without sandals are more susceptible to infection. - Consuming raw or undercooked food
Worms can survive in undercooked food, especially vegetables or meat. When consumed, worm eggs or larvae can enter a child's digestive system. - Not washing fruit and vegetables properly
Fruit or vegetables that still contain soil or dirty water can carry worm eggs. Washing them under running water is essential before eating. - Infected from the environment or peers who are infected
Children who play together in an unclean environment can infect each other, especially if hand hygiene is not maintained.
Maintaining personal hygiene, food hygiene, and children's play environment are the main steps to prevent worm infections from an early age.
The Dangers of Worms If Not Treated Immediately
Worm infestation isn't just a minor problem, especially if left untreated. Left untreated, worm infections can lead to various health problems that affect a child's growth and development. Here are some dangers to watch out for:
- Growth disorders due to nutritional deficiencies : Worms absorb nutrients from children's food, thereby inhibiting their growth and development.
- Anemia due to iron loss : Certain types of worms can suck blood in the intestines and cause iron deficiency so that the child looks pale and weak.
- Decreased concentration in learning : A weak body due to malnutrition makes children tire easily and have difficulty concentrating at school.
- Risk of secondary infection : Itching in the anal area due to worms can trigger repeated scratching which causes wounds and bacterial infections.
Therefore, it is important for parents to immediately take their children to the doctor if they show symptoms of worms, so that treatment can be carried out before the condition gets worse.
Signs that Your Child is Starting to Have Worms
Worms in children often show distinctive signs that are easily recognized if parents pay close attention. Some common symptoms to watch out for include:
- The child looks pale and lethargic for no apparent reason : This can happen because the body loses nutrients and blood due to worm infection.
- Drastic changes in appetite : Children may experience a decrease in appetite, or may eat a lot but not gain weight because the nutrients are absorbed by the worms.
- Frequent complaints of stomach ache or a bloated stomach : Worms that accumulate in the intestines can cause discomfort, bloating, or a bloated appearance.
Itching around the anus, especially at night : Some types of worms lay eggs around the anus, causing itching that disturbs the child's sleep. - Poor sleep and irritability : Stomach discomfort and itching at night can make it difficult for children to sleep well and make them more irritable than usual.
If these signs appear, you should immediately consult a doctor to confirm the diagnosis and get the right treatment.
Simple Ways to Prevent Worms in Children
Preventing worms in children can actually be done with simple steps in everyday life. Small habits practiced regularly can help protect children from this parasitic infection. Here are some ways you can implement:
- Teach children to wash their hands with soap before eating, after defecating and after playing.
This habit is crucial because hands are the primary vehicle for transmitting worm eggs. Washing your hands with soap and running water can remove dirt and worm eggs before they enter the body. - Make sure your child eats cooked and clean food.
Worms can survive in raw or undercooked food. Therefore, ensure food, especially vegetables and meat, is thoroughly cooked and served in clean conditions. - Make it a habit to wear footwear when playing outside the house.
Worm eggs or larvae can enter the body through the skin, especially the soles of the feet. Wearing sandals or shoes when playing in the dirt can prevent environmental transmission. - Regularly cut your child's nails so that worm eggs don't stick to them.
Worm eggs can nest between long, dirty nails. By keeping nails short and clean, the risk of infection through eating or scratching the skin can be reduced. - Give deworming medication every 6 months as recommended by the doctor.
Regular deworming is an effective preventative measure, especially for children who actively play outside. This medication helps eliminate worms that may already be present in the body before they cause symptoms.
By adopting clean habits and routinely taking preventive measures, parents can protect their children from the risk of worms and ensure their growth and development remain optimal.
Worm infestations are often considered minor, but if not properly treated, they can seriously impact a child's health and growth. Through examination, a doctor can determine the type of worm infestation and determine the appropriate medication dosage for the child's age and condition. Self-treatment without medical advice can be ineffective or even cause side effects if the dosage is incorrect.
In addition to medication, doctors can also provide long-term prevention advice, such as a nutritious diet, a regular deworming schedule, and good hygiene to prevent re-infection. Therefore, if your child shows any symptoms of worms, take them to the doctor immediately for safe and comprehensive treatment for optimal growth and development.
Article written by Dr. Ajeng Indriastari, Sp.A (Pediatrician at EMC Pekayon Hospital).