In Indonesia, the term "pusing" is often used to describe a variety of conditions, from dizziness, tension, and headaches to stress or confusion. In Javanese, "mumet" can mean a preoccupation with the mind, not a headache. In Sundanese, "rieut" or "lieur" can refer to a feeling of confusion or lack of focus. Consequently, when a patient says "I'm dizzy," the doctor needs to first determine whether they mean vertigo, a headache, or psychological distress. Without a prior understanding, the diagnosis can be incorrect and treatment inappropriate.
What is the Difference Between Migraine and Vertigo?
Headache refers to pain or pressure in the head. It can be a migraine, tension-type headache , or stress headache. It is usually not accompanied by balance problems or unsteadiness.
On the other hand, dizziness due to balance disorders (vertigo or dizziness ) is felt as a sensation of spinning, floating, or unsteadiness. Patients may feel like they are going to fall or unable to stand upright. Understanding the difference between these two conditions can help clarify what might be happening and when to seek medical attention.
Get to Know Vertigo and Its Causes
Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness characterized by the feeling that you or your surroundings are moving or spinning, when in fact they are not.
This condition is usually caused by problems in the inner ear or brain that affect balance. Common causes include:
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
- Inner ear infection
- Inflammation of the inner ear
- Disorders of the brain stem
- Disorders of the cerebellum
People with BPPV often experience episodes lasting seconds to minutes and triggered by changes in head position. In addition to the spinning sensation, symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and difficulty maintaining balance or walking.
Important Facts About Migraines
Migraine is a neurological condition that typically causes moderate to severe, throbbing headaches, which can be felt initially on one side of the head or spread to both sides if left untreated. Migraine headaches can last from hours to days. Migraine sufferers also experience increased sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, and experience blurred or shaky vision for several minutes. The effects of migraines are serious, with sufferers often being unable to work or even taking time off work.
Besides headaches, migraines can also be accompanied by other neurological symptoms, such as:
- Dizzy
- Lightheadedness
- Spinning sensation
If balance disturbances (feeling unsteady or spinning) occur along with:
- Headache
- Sensitivity to light
- Sensitivity to sound
Then you may be experiencing vestibular migraines, which are migraines accompanied by balance disorders.
How to Differentiate?
Because both vertigo and migraines can cause dizziness, it can sometimes be difficult to distinguish between the two. Here are some clues to help distinguish between them:
- Duration and Triggers : Vertigo attacks in BPPV are often brief and triggered by sudden head movements. Migraines can develop gradually and last longer, with headache as the primary symptom.
- Associated Symptoms: Migraines typically present as moderate to severe headaches, sensitivity to light or sound, and nausea. Vertigo is often accompanied by ear symptoms such as ringing in the ears or hearing loss, or difficulty walking. Balance problems and headaches are common in vestibular migraines.
- Frequency : Migraines can occur periodically with a similar pattern. Vertigo can occur irregularly, depending on the cause.
When Should You See a Doctor?
If you experience recurring episodes of dizziness or headaches, especially if accompanied by severe headaches, vision changes, weakness, or difficulty speaking, it's important to consult a healthcare professional. A prompt assessment is crucial for diagnosing the cause and effectively managing symptoms.
While both vertigo and migraines can cause disturbing dizziness, understanding the differences in symptoms and triggers can help you distinguish which one might be affecting you. Documenting your symptoms, including the nature, duration, and triggers of your dizziness and headaches, can provide valuable information for your healthcare provider to make a more accurate diagnosis.
If the spinning sensation is new, severe, or worsening, seek immediate medical attention. Delaying treatment can have more significant consequences, so consult your doctor through EMC Healthcare's Online Appointment service to make your appointment easier and faster.
Article written by Dr. Kevin, Sp.N (Neurology Specialist, EMC Alam Sutera & Tangerang Hospital).