Many women experience persistent lower abdominal or pelvic pain that often goes undetected during routine gynecological exams. This condition often leaves patients confused because the symptoms persist without a clear cause. One less common possibility is uterine varicose veins , known medically as Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS).
What Are Varicose Veins in the Uterus?
Varicose veins don't just occur in the legs. Dilated veins can also occur in the pelvic area, including around the uterus and ovaries.
Varicose veins in the uterus occur when the veins become dilated due to restricted blood flow back to the heart. This is usually caused by weak venous valves, which cause blood to back up and accumulate in the pelvic area. This pooling of blood causes pain and discomfort.
This condition is more often experienced by women of productive age, especially those who have experienced more than one pregnancy.
Why Can Uterine Varicose Veins Occur?
Normally, veins have valves that help blood flow in one direction toward the heart. However, when these valves weaken or malfunction, blood can back up, causing the veins to dilate.
Some factors that can increase the risk include:
- History of recurrent pregnancy
- Changes in female hormones
- History of varicose veins in the legs
- Genetic factors or weakness of blood vessel walls
Symptoms That Often Go Unnoticed
Uterine varices are often difficult to recognize because their symptoms mimic other gynecological conditions. Some common symptoms include:
- Pelvic pain that lasts more than 6 months
- A feeling of heaviness or discomfort in the lower abdomen
- Pain during or after intercourse
- Pain that worsens after prolonged standing
- Pain before or after menstruation
- The appearance of varicose veins on the inner thighs or genital area
Complaints usually improve when lying down and worsen at the end of the day after a lot of activity.
Is This Condition Dangerous?
Uterine varicose veins are generally not life-threatening. However, if left untreated, this condition can disrupt daily activities, sleep quality, and even emotional well-being due to recurring, chronic pain.
Because the symptoms often resemble gynecological problems, many patients are late in getting a proper diagnosis.
How to Diagnose It?
Diagnosing pelvic varicose veins requires a specialized blood vessel evaluation. In addition to a physical examination and history, your doctor may recommend several additional tests, such as:
- Transvaginal Duplex Ultrasound (Doppler Ultrasound)
- MRI/MR Venography
- Pelvic Venography
This examination aims to see the condition of venous blood flow in the pelvic area in more detail.
How are varicose veins in the uterus treated?
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms. In some mild cases, conservative therapy and lifestyle changes can help reduce symptoms.
However, in more severe cases, a minimally invasive medical procedure called Pelvic Vein Coiling/Embolization is available . This is a first-line technique that aims to close the affected vein and restore normal blood flow. This procedure is performed without incisions and in a catheterization room, with a relatively quick recovery period.
When Should You Consult a Doctor?
Consult a doctor immediately if you experience:
- Persistent or recurring pelvic pain that interferes with daily activities
- Pain during intercourse
- Complaints do not improve even though the pregnancy examination is normal.
A proper examination by a thoracic, cardiac, and vascular surgeon can help find the cause of the complaint more accurately.
The Importance of Early Detection
Uterine varicose veins are not a life-threatening condition, but their chronic pain significantly impairs quality of life . Early detection means faster pain relief, fewer unnecessary tests, and more optimal treatment outcomes.
“Don't let uterine varicose veins ruin your days. Early detection today, faster pain relief.”
This article was written by Dr. Quincy Romano Rompas, Sp.BTKV (Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery Specialist at EMC Pekayon Hospital).