Uterine fibroids are a common reproductive health problem among women of childbearing age. Many women are unaware of their presence because they often cause no symptoms in the early stages. However, in certain circumstances, fibroids can cause menstrual irregularities, impacting quality of life and fertility.
What is a uterine myoma?
Uterine fibroids (myomas) are abnormal but benign growths of uterine muscle tissue. They vary in size, from very small to quite large, and can occur in single or multiple forms.
Myomas can grow in several locations of the uterus, namely:
- In the uterine wall
- Protrudes into the uterine cavity
- Protruding to the outside of the uterus
The location and size of the fibroid often determines whether or not symptoms appear.
Symptoms of Uterine Myoma that You Need to Watch Out For
Some women with fibroids don't experience any symptoms. However, if the fibroids enlarge, the following symptoms may appear:
- Menstruation is heavier or lasts longer
- Menstrual pain that is heavier than usual
- Lower abdomen feels full or enlarged
- Frequent urination due to pressure on the bladder
- Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse
- Difficulty getting pregnant in some cases
If you experience changes in menstrual patterns or persistent pelvic pain, you should get checked immediately.
Risk Factors for Myoma
Several factors that can increase the risk of uterine fibroids include:
- Reproductive age (30–50 years)
- Family history of fibroids
- Estrogen hormone imbalance
- Overweight
- Never been pregnant
However, fibroids can also occur in women without clear risk factors.
How Are Uterine Myomas Detected?
Myomas can usually be detected through medical examinations, such as:
- Pelvic examination by a doctor
- USG (ultrasonography) to see the size and location of the myoma
- Other supporting examinations if necessary
Regular check-ups are very important because fibroids are often discovered accidentally during health check-ups.
Treatment for Uterine Myoma
Treatment for fibroids depends on the patient's size, location, symptoms, and pregnancy plans. Some treatment options include:
- Observation or Monitoring
If the fibroid is small and does not cause any complaints, the doctor usually only carries out regular monitoring. - Drug Therapy
Certain medications can help reduce symptoms such as pain or excessive bleeding. - Minimally Invasive Procedures
In certain conditions, medical procedures without major surgery may be an option to reduce or remove fibroids. - Operation
If the fibroids are large or cause severe symptoms, surgery may be necessary, either to remove the fibroids alone or the uterus, depending on the patient's condition.
When Should You Consult a Doctor?
Immediately consult an Obgyn specialist if you experience:
- Very heavy or irregular menstruation
- Prolonged pelvic pain
- The stomach feels enlarged for no apparent reason
- Difficulty getting pregnant
Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications and maintain women's reproductive health.
With regular check-ups and proper treatment, uterine fibroids can be well-controlled so that women can continue their daily activities comfortably and healthily.
This article was written by Dr. Dian Burhansah, Sp.OG, M.Kes, FMAS, FICS (Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist at EMC Pekayon Hospital).