A burning sensation in the chest is often dismissed as trivial. Many people assume it's just a cold or the effects of spicy food. However, a burning sensation in the center of the chest can be a sign of heartburn , a condition closely related to acid reflux.
Understanding the cause of heartburn is crucial before deciding on treatment. Without proper treatment, what may initially be a mild complaint can develop into more serious complications and disrupt daily activities.
Understanding Heartburn
Heartburn is a burning or burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid rising into the esophagus (acid reflux). Heartburn is usually felt after eating or when lying down, and can leave a sour or bitter taste in the mouth.
Heartburn occurs due to a ring-shaped valve of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This valve prevents stomach contents from flowing back up. When the valve weakens or doesn't close properly, stomach acid can rise into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation and irritation to the esophageal lining.
Heartburn Symptoms that Need to be Recognized Early
Heartburn can cause a variety of symptoms that are often dismissed as trivial. To avoid delays in treatment, here are some symptoms to watch out for:
- A hot or burning sensation in the middle chest area (retrosternal) , such as the burning sensation that occurs after eating and can be felt up to the neck or throat.
- Chronic dry cough without a clear cause , which lasts a long time due to irritation of the respiratory tract by stomach acid.
- A bitter, sour, or liquid-like taste rising in the throat , which is the sensation of regurgitation when stomach contents come back up into the mouth.
- Frequent belching , especially after eating, accompanied by discomfort in the chest or upper abdomen.
- Complaints that appear or worsen when lying down or bending over because this body position makes it easier for stomach acid to rise into the esophagus.
Various Risk Factors That Can Trigger Heartburn
Certain habits and conditions can increase the risk of heartburn, including:
- A high-fat and spicy diet , such as consuming fried foods, coconut milk, or fatty foods, can slow down gastric emptying and trigger an increase in stomach acid.
- The habit of eating late at night , especially if you lie down immediately after eating, makes it easier for stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.
- Excess weight , which increases pressure on the abdominal cavity and pushes stomach contents upwards.
- Stress and smoking habits because stress can affect the production of stomach acid, while smoking can weaken the function of the lower esophageal sphincter.
- People with GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) , which is a chronic stomach acid reflux condition that makes heartburn occur more frequently and more severely.
Steps You Can Take to Reduce Heartburn Complaints
Managing heartburn doesn't always require medication. Lifestyle changes are an effective first step in relieving symptoms and preventing recurrence.
Here are some steps you can take:
- Consume healthy and nutritious foods , such as low-fat, high-fiber foods, and avoid triggers such as fried foods, spicy foods, chocolate, coffee, and carbonated drinks.
- Establish a regular eating pattern , with smaller portions but more frequently, and allow at least 2–3 hours before lying down after eating.
- Maintain an ideal body weight because excess weight can increase pressure on the stomach and trigger acid reflux.
- Manage stress and avoid smoking habits , through regular exercise, relaxation techniques, or activities that help maintain emotional balance.
- Take medication according to your doctor's instructions , especially if complaints occur frequently, so that treatment is more appropriate and complications can be prevented.
When to See a Doctor?
Although heartburn is often considered a minor complaint, it still warrants attention if it recurs or interferes with daily activities. Consult a doctor immediately if:
- Complaints occur more than twice a week.
- Symptoms appear more frequently or are severe, such as accompanied by nausea, vomiting, severe pain, or difficulty swallowing.
- Doesn't improve even though I've made lifestyle changes.
An examination by an internist or gastroenterologist is essential to determine the cause of your symptoms and determine appropriate treatment. Prompt and appropriate treatment not only relieves symptoms but also prevents complications such as chronic inflammation of the esophagus.
The article was written by Dr. Ahmad Yusran, Sp.PD (Internal Medicine Specialist at EMC Pulomas Hospital).