The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world since the end of 2019 has changed many aspects of human life. After more than two years of being in a global health emergency, the world began to breathe a sigh of relief as cases declined, vaccinations increased, and activities slowly returned to normal. However, in mid-2024 and early 2025, reports of a spike in Covid-19 cases re-emerged in various countries — including Indonesia. The emergence of new, more contagious variants, as well as the declining immunity of people who had been vaccinated for a long time, were the main causes.
This situation raises new concerns among the public. However, it is important to remember: even if Covid-19 “comes back,” we are now much more prepared. We have more knowledge, technology, and experience than at the beginning of the pandemic.
This article will discuss in full the current situation of Covid-19, the reasons why we don't need to panic, and effective preventive measures to stay safe and healthy.
Why is Covid-19 Coming Back?
The resurgence of Covid-19 cases is not surprising. Here are some factors that have triggered the resurgence of cases:
- Virus Mutation
Coronaviruses, like all viruses, have the ability to mutate. New variants such as Omicron XBB or BA.2.86 that have recently emerged have higher rates of transmission, although symptoms tend to be milder. However, rapid spread can still lead to a spike in cases and stress on health systems.
- Decreased Immunity
Immunity from a vaccine or natural infection can wane after a few months. Without a vaccine booster, protection against infection can weaken, leaving a person more susceptible to reinfection.
- Relaxation of Health Protocols
With cases declining over the past two years, many people have started to let their guard down and abandon the habit of wearing masks, washing hands, or maintaining distance. This opens up the opportunity for re-infection.
Current Covid-19 Symptoms
Symptoms of Covid-19 from the latest variant tend to be mild, similar to the common flu. However, it must still be watched out for. Common symptoms of Covid-19 include:
- Mild to high fever
- Dry cough
- Stuffy nose or runny nose
- Sore throat
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Muscle or joint pain
- Loss of sense of smell or taste (less common in newer variants)
People with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, or respiratory disorders remain at risk of experiencing more severe symptoms.
Why No Need to Panic?
While Covid-19 is still a threat, we are in a much better position. Here's why:
- Lower Mortality Rate
Thanks to better vaccines and treatments, the death rate from Covid-19 is now much lower than at the start of the pandemic.
- Booster Vaccine Access
Vaccinations are not only widely available, but are also constantly being updated to address new variants. Booster vaccines help strengthen immunity.
- Health Facilities More Prepared
Hospitals, healthcare workers, and laboratories are now more experienced in handling Covid-19 cases. Detection and treatment are faster and more effective.
- Public Awareness Increases
Most people already know how to protect themselves, such as using masks and coughing etiquette.
How to Prevent the Spread of Covid-19
Although we don't need to panic, we must remain vigilant. Here are some effective preventive measures:
- Get Vaccination and Booster
Make sure you are fully vaccinated and get a booster, especially the elderly and people with comorbidities. Vaccines have been shown to reduce the risk of severe symptoms and hospitalization.
- Wear a Mask in Crowded Places
In crowded places, especially closed spaces with poor ventilation, wearing a mask remains the most effective protective measure.
- Wash Your Hands Regularly
Use soap and running water for 20 seconds, or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer when water is not available.
- Maintain a distance
Avoid unnecessary crowds and keep a distance of at least 1 meter from others, especially those showing symptoms of illness.
- Increase Body Immunity
Eat nutritious food, get enough sleep, exercise regularly, and manage stress to maintain your immune system.
- Coughing and Sneezing Etiquette
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your inner elbow when coughing/sneezing. Throw the tissue in a closed trash bin and wash your hands afterwards.
- Monitor Your Health Independently
If you feel unwell, rest immediately and do an antigen or PCR test. Don't force yourself to do activities.
- Good Ventilation
Make sure the room has good air circulation. Open the windows regularly for fresh air exchange.
The Role of Society in Preventing New Waves
Preventing the spread of Covid-19 is not only the task of the government or medical personnel, but our shared responsibility. We can take part in:
- Spread correct information , not hoaxes.
- Invite family and friends to get vaccinated.
- Do not stigmatize infected people.
- Avoid panic buying or hoarding of medicines and masks.
When to Go to a Doctor or Hospital?
Contact health services immediately if you experience:
- Hard to breathe
- High fever for more than 3 days
- Loss of consciousness
- Symptoms worsen rapidly
- Have comorbidities and show symptoms of Covid-19
Early detection is very important to prevent more severe conditions.
Article written by Dr. Maria Dewi Caetline, Sp.P (Pulmonary and Respiratory Specialist Doctor, EMC Cikarang & Cibitung Hospital).