Weight loss is often seen as a positive thing, especially for those on a diet. However, sudden weight loss without any changes in diet or activity patterns is a cause for concern. Unexplained weight loss can be a sign of certain health problems. Unintentional weight changes can be an important indicator of an underlying medical condition and should not be ignored.
When Is Weight Loss Considered Abnormal?
Weight loss is said to be abnormal if:
- Occurs without any effort of diet or exercise
- Weight loss of more than 5% within 6–12 months
- Accompanied by other complaints such as weakness, decreased appetite, or fatigue
If this condition occurs, further examination should be carried out immediately.
Causes of weight loss for no apparent reason
Here are some conditions that can cause abnormal weight loss:
- Metabolic Disorders
Diseases such as hyperthyroidism can increase the body's metabolism so that weight is lost even though appetite remains the same or increases. - Diabetes
In some cases, especially uncontrolled diabetes, the body cannot use sugar optimally, resulting in weight loss. - Chronic Infection
Infections such as tuberculosis (TB) or other infections can cause gradual weight loss accompanied by other symptoms such as fever or a persistent cough. - Indigestion
Problems with the digestive tract, such as impaired nutrient absorption, can cause the body to lack nutritional intake even though it eats enough. - Cancer Disease
Some types of cancer can cause unexplained weight loss, especially if accompanied by decreased appetite and fatigue.
Symptoms to Watch Out For
Apart from weight loss, also pay attention to other symptoms such as:
- Decreased appetite
- Easily tired or weak
- Prolonged fever
- Night sweats
- Changes in bowel or urinary patterns
- Pain in certain parts of the body
These symptoms can help direct the diagnosis.
The Importance of Medical Examination
To find out the exact cause, the doctor will usually carry out several examinations, such as:
- Physical examination
- Blood test
- Organ function examination
- Other supporting examinations as indicated
With a proper diagnosis, treatment can be carried out more effectively.
When to See a Doctor?
Consult an internist immediately if you experience unexplained weight loss, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms or continues.
Don't Ignore Changes in Your Body
Unexplained weight loss is not something to be taken lightly. The body often signals health problems through these changes.
With early detection and treatment, various diseases can be treated more quickly so that the risk of complications can be minimized and quality of life maintained.
This article was written by Dr. Richard Suwandi, Sp.PD (Internal Medicine Specialist at EMC Pekayon Hospital).