Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting 2 in 100 people over the age of 60. However, Parkinson's disease can also occur at a younger age. This condition causes slow movements, stiffness, tremors, and other symptoms that impact patients' daily lives.
Parkinson's disease occurs due to a decrease in the brain chemical dopamine. Many medications can control Parkinson's symptoms, but the most common are those containing levodopa, which acts as a dopamine precursor. This medication has a short duration of action in the body, lasting only 3-4 hours. Therefore, Parkinson's patients may take the medication more than three times a day.
Can Parkinson's Patients Fast?
Fasting during Ramadan is obligatory for Muslims. However, those suffering from illnesses are permitted to skip Ramadan if it poses a risk or worsens their condition. So, can Parkinson's patients fast?
1. Risks of Fasting for Parkinson's Patients
Abruptly stopping Parkinson's medications while fasting can worsen the condition, leading to increased stiffness and even complete immobility. Patients who routinely take the medication more than three times a day may experience motor fluctuations (stiffness, tremors, and increased difficulty moving) due to only taking the medication during suhoor (pre-dawn meal) and breaking the fast. Consuming excessive doses of medication at one time during the fast also carries the risk of dyskinesia (abnormal movements caused by a sudden surge of dopamine in the brain).
2. Consult a doctor
Each patient's condition is unique, so a comprehensive medical assessment is necessary to assess Parkinson's disease. Different degrees of Parkinson's disease severity carry varying risks when fasting. In general, patients with mild Parkinson's disease can fast with the use of long-acting medications. Patients with moderate Parkinson's disease can fast with some medication modifications. Patients with severe Parkinson's disease are at higher risk for fasting, unless combined with advanced therapy .
3. Changes in Dosage and Type of Medication
For Parkinson's patients who can fast, a medication evaluation is necessary, and if necessary, modifications to the type and dosage of medication can be made. This should be done before Ramadan to adjust to the new medication regimen.
Fasting during Ramadan is a challenge for Parkinson's patients. Fasting is not impossible for Parkinson's patients, but it's important to ensure optimal and safe fasting. Consult a neurologist if you're considering fasting.
Article written by Dr. Gloria Tanjung, Sp.N (Neurology Specialist Doctor at EMC Alam Sutera & Sentul Hospital).