Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer affecting women, especially in developing countries. This disease often develops without symptoms in its early stages, so many cases are not detected until they have reached an advanced stage. Therefore, understanding cervical cancer and its prevention is crucial for every woman.
What is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer is a cancer that develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. The main cause of cervical cancer is infection with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) , particularly high-risk types.
Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve on their own. However, in some women, the infection can persist and develop into cervical cancer over many years.
Cervical Cancer Risk Factors
Several factors that can increase the risk of cervical cancer include:
- High-risk HPV infection
- Sexual intercourse at an early age
- Changing sexual partners
- Weak immune system
- Smoking habit
- Not performing routine cervical screening
Cervical Cancer Symptoms to Watch Out For
In its early stages, cervical cancer often causes no symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
- Bleeding outside the menstrual cycle
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Vaginal discharge that smells or is mixed with blood
- Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse
If you experience these symptoms, immediately consult an Obgyn doctor.
The Importance of Early Detection of Cervical Cancer
Early detection is the main key in preventing cervical cancer from developing to an advanced stage. Here are some ways to detect cervical cancer early:
- Pap smear
- IVA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid)
- HPV test
This test can detect changes in cervical cells before they develop into cancer.
Cervical Cancer Prevention
1. HPV vaccination
The HPV vaccine is the most effective preventative measure against cervical cancer. Vaccination is recommended from adolescence onward and remains beneficial for adult women as recommended by a doctor.
2. Routine check-ups with an obgyn
Regular cervical screening helps detect abnormalities early.
3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
Avoiding smoking, maintaining feminine hygiene, and practicing healthy sexual practices can reduce the risk of HPV infection.
When Should You Consult an Obgyn?
Get checked immediately if:
- Never had a Pap smear or IVA
- Experiencing abnormal bleeding
- Experiencing unusual vaginal discharge
- Want to get the HPV vaccination?
Cervical cancer is a preventable disease that can be detected early. With proper education, HPV vaccination, and regular checkups with an ob-gyn, the risk of cervical cancer can be significantly reduced.
This article was written by Dr. Dumaria Situmorang, Sp.OG (Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist, EMC Cibitung Hospital).