Do you often experience extremely severe menstrual pain, extremely long periods, or wonder why your lower abdomen looks bloated even though you haven't gained any weight? Don't immediately assume it's just digestive issues or simple fatigue. Your body could be sending signals about uterine fibroids. Fibroids are one of the most common reproductive health issues experienced by women of childbearing age.
What exactly is a myoma?
Myomas, medically known as uterine myomas or uterine fibroids , are growths of muscle cells and fibrous tissue that develop in or on the uterine wall. This condition is generally benign (non-cancerous) and most often affects women between the ages of 30 and 50.
Although benign, fibroids should not be taken lightly. If left to grow, they can lead to various complications, ranging from severe anemia due to excessive blood loss to infertility.
Causes of Myoma and Risk Factors
The exact cause of fibroids is still under further research. However, experts agree that their appearance is heavily influenced by the female reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Some factors that can increase a woman's risk of developing fibroids include:
- Age 30-40 years
- Obesity or overweight
- There is a family history of having myoma
- First menstruation at a young age
- Never given birth
- A diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables
Symptoms of Myoma
Many women don't realize they have fibroids because they're small and asymptomatic. However, as the fibroids grow larger, you may experience some of the following symptoms:
- Menstrual blood comes out very heavily (have to change sanitary pads frequently).
- Menstrual cycle lasts more than a week.
- Severe pain or cramps in the pelvic area and lower back.
- The lower abdomen looks bloated and feels uncomfortable.
- Frequent urination due to fibroids pressing on the bladder.
- Pain during intercourse ( dyspareunia ).
Do Myomas Need to Be Operated Immediately?
This is one of the biggest concerns women often have. The answer: Not all fibroids require immediate surgery.
The decision on medical treatment, whether to simply monitor, administer medication, or require further action, is entirely determined by the obstetrician based on several important considerations, such as:
- The size and number of fibroids in the uterus.
- Location of myoma growth.
- How severe are the symptoms and complaints you experience on a daily basis?
- Patient's age and future pregnancy plans.
Therefore, a thorough medical examination is necessary to determine the best and safest steps for your body.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Fibroids don't always cause problems. However, don't ignore any changes in your body, especially if you experience heavier or longer periods, bothersome pelvic pain, a feeling of increased lower abdominal fullness, or increased urination.
An examination by an obstetrician-gynecologist can help determine the cause of the symptoms. An ultrasound can also be used to determine the presence, size, and location of fibroids.
If you are experiencing symptoms that suggest fibroids, consult your doctor or obstetrician/gynecologist at EMC Grha Kedoya Hospital to receive appropriate examinations and treatment options.
Article written by Dr. Keven PM Tali, Sp.OG (Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist, EMC Grha Kedoya Hospital).