PMOS (Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome) is a hormonal disorder that is quite common in women of childbearing age. PMOS not only affects the menstrual cycle but can also impact fertility and overall health if not properly managed.
PMOS is quite common among Indonesian women.
PMOS is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age. Globally, it is estimated that approximately 1 in 10 women experience PMOS.
In Indonesia, the incidence of PMOS is estimated at around 5–10% of women of childbearing age. However, the actual number is thought to be higher because many women are unaware of the symptoms or fail to seek medical attention.
Several studies in Indonesia also show that PMOS is quite often found in women with complaints:
- Irregular menstruation
- Obesity or weight gain
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Hormonal acne
- Metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance
Unfortunately, many sufferers only discover they have PMOS after undergoing a pregnancy program or when experiencing fertility problems.
What is PMOS?
PMOS is a hormonal disorder in women that causes an imbalance in reproductive hormones. This condition can disrupt ovulation (the release of eggs), resulting in irregular menstrual cycles and a decreased chance of pregnancy.
In some women, PMOS also causes an increase in androgen hormones (male hormones) which trigger various complaints such as acne, excessive hair growth, and weight gain.
PMOS can be experienced by both teenagers and adult women, and often the symptoms appear slowly so that they are not noticed at first.
PMOS Symptoms to Watch Out For
Each woman can experience symptoms differently. However, some of the most common signs of PMOS include:
1. Irregular Menstruation
Menstrual cycles become less frequent, irregular, and can even last for more than three consecutive months. This condition occurs because the ovulation process is disrupted.
2. Easy to gain weight and difficult to lose weight
Many people with PMOS experience weight gain, especially around the abdomen. Despite maintaining a healthy diet, weight gain is often difficult to control due to metabolic disorders and insulin resistance.
3. Excessive Acne and Oily Skin
Increased androgen hormones can cause excess oil production on the skin, thus triggering persistent acne, especially on the face and chin.
4. Excessive Hair Growth
Thicker hair growth on the face, chin, chest, stomach, or arms can also be a sign of hormonal imbalance in PMS.
5. Difficulty getting pregnant
Ovulation disorders cause eggs to not mature or not be released normally, so the chance of pregnancy becomes smaller.
Why Shouldn't PMOS Be Ignored?
Many women only seek medical attention when they are having difficulty conceiving. However, if left untreated, PMOS can also increase the risk of various other health problems, such as:
- Type 2 diabetes
- Insulin resistance
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Fertility disorders
- Risk of disruption to the uterine lining
- Disturbance of self-confidence due to physical changes
Therefore, early detection and treatment are very important so that the condition can be controlled properly.
How to Prevent and Control PMOS
While PMOS cannot always be completely prevented, its symptoms can be controlled with lifestyle changes and appropriate medical treatment.
1. Maintain Ideal Body Weight and Exercise Regularly
Even a small amount of weight loss can help improve hormonal balance and menstrual cycles. Aim for at least 30 minutes of regular exercise a day, such as walking, cycling, or gymnastics.
2. Reduce Foods High in Sugar and Processed Carbohydrates
Limit your consumption of sugary drinks, fast food, white bread, and high-sugar snacks. Choose foods high in fiber, protein, vegetables, fruit, and complex carbohydrates to help maintain stable blood sugar levels.
3. Manage Stress and Get Enough Sleep
Excessive stress can worsen hormonal imbalances. Ensure your body gets enough rest and good quality sleep.
4. Check with an Obgyn if your menstruation is irregular.
Don't dismiss irregular periods as normal, especially if they last for more than three consecutive months. Early examination can help determine the cause and determine appropriate treatment.
When to See a Doctor?
Immediately consult an obgyn specialist if you experience:
- Prolonged irregular menstruation
- No menstruation for more than 3 months in a row
- Severe acne that is difficult to improve
- Excessive hair growth in the arm and chin area
- Drastic weight gain
- Having difficulty getting pregnant
Immediately Conduct an EMC Joint Inspection
PMOS is a hormonal disorder that is quite common in women and can affect menstrual cycles, weight, and even fertility. Recognizing symptoms early is crucial for faster treatment and reduced risk of complications.
If you experience irregular menstruation accompanied by other complaints such as difficulty losing weight, excessive acne, or difficulty getting pregnant, do not hesitate to consult an ob-gyn specialist for appropriate examination and treatment.
This article was written by Dr. Risma Maharani, Sp.OG, M.Kes (Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist at EMC Cibitung Hospital).