Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels that commonly affects children. Kawasaki disease in children is often difficult to recognize early because its symptoms resemble the common cold, such as fever and weakness.
However, if Kawasaki disease in children is not treated promptly, it can lead to serious complications, particularly heart problems. Therefore, it's important for parents to recognize the early signs of Kawasaki disease.
Early Signs of Kawasaki Disease in Children That Are Often Misinterpreted
One reason Kawasaki disease in children is often diagnosed late is because the symptoms are similar to the flu or a mild infection.
Some early signs to watch out for:
- High fever for more than 5 days
- Red eyes without discharge
- Dry, chapped, red lips
- Tongue looks like a strawberry
- Rash on the skin
- Swelling of the hands and feet
Differences between Kawasaki and the Common Flu
Differentiating Kawasaki disease in children from the flu is very important to avoid delays in treatment.
Common cold:
- Fever usually improves within a few days.
- Accompanied by cough and runny nose
- The child's condition improves with rest.
Kawasaki disease:
- High fever does not go down for more than 5 days
- Not always accompanied by a cough and cold
- Rashes, red eyes and changes to the lips appear
Causes and Risk Factors of Kawasaki Disease in Children
The exact cause of Kawasaki disease in children is currently unknown. However, it is thought to be related to the immune system's response to infection.
Some factors that increase the risk:
- Age under 5 years
- Immature immune system
- genetic factors
Impacts and Complications to Watch Out For
If not treated properly, Kawasaki disease in children can cause heart complications, such as:
- Inflammation of the coronary arteries
- Heart dysfunction
- Risk of blood vessel aneurysm
These complications can have long-term impacts on the child's health.
Management of Kawasaki Disease in Children
Treatment for Kawasaki disease in children should begin as quickly as possible. Therapy typically includes immunoglobulin and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce inflammation.
The sooner it is treated, the lower the risk of complications occurring.
When Should You See a Doctor Immediately?
Take your child to the doctor immediately if they experience:
- Fever for more than 5 days
- Red eyes without discharge
- Chapped and red lips
- Rash on the skin
Early detection is very important in the management of Kawasaki disease in children.
Conclusion
Kawasaki disease is often mistaken for the common cold because its symptoms are similar. However, this condition can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.
This article was written by Prof. Dr. dr. Najib Advani, Sp. A(K), MMed (Paed) (Pediatric Cardiologist and also a Specialist Doctor for Kawasaki Disease Treatment at EMC Alam Sutera Hospital).